Before 1992 the leafhopper Attenuipyga vanduzeei (Osborn & Ball) had seldom been collected and little was known about its life history. The Prairie Invertebrate Biodiversity Inventory, a multi-partner project focused on the invertebrate fauna of midwestern prairies, has located four sites for the species in Wisconsin and added to the number of curated specimens. Field collection data and laboratory observations of living specimens contribute new information regarding A. vanduzeei's possible host plant(s) and provide the first details of life history and behavior. It is possible that A. vanduzeei alternates hosts as an adult. Laboratory specimens demonstrated a preference for prairie dropseed (Sporobolus heterolepis) as a resting host, yet chose sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula) for oviposition. Plant and habitat associations demonstrate that this is a rare prairie-dependent species.